vitamin b 100 complex

Vitamin B-12 - Cobalamin

Vitamin B-12 is a crystalline compound that contains water-soluble phosphorus, nitrogen, and cobalt. The latter gives a color red. It is heat stable in neutral solution, but is destroyed by heat, both in acidic and alkaline. It is also sensitive to light and is destroyed by the heavy metals and strong oxidizers and reducing agents.

Vitamin B-12 is made more complex vitamins. Its chemical symbol is C63H90CON14O14P. Containing an atom Cobalt that is similar in structure to the position of iron in hemoglobin. B12 is the only naturally occurring organic compound containing cobalt. The form available at trade of vitamin B-12 is cyanocobalamin.

That helps to activate the amino acids during protein formation and the anaerobic degradation amino acid lysine. The coenzyme of cobalamin is a carrier of methyl groups and hydrogen, and is necessary for carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism.

Cobalamin also provides important protection of the heart through the methyl transfer function. It is active in the synthesis of the amino acid methionine from its precursor, homocysteine. The summary is produced by first removing a methyl group from methyl folic acid, a derivative of the biologically active form folic acid. This methyl group is transferred to homocysteine and methionine is formed. It has been recently recognized that excess homocysteine in the blood is the cause heart disease, blood clots, strokes and gangrene. Therefore, the understanding of such complementary action between the B-12 and folic acid is an important addition to our arsenal for combating heart disease. Importantly, adequate amounts of both acid and vitamin B12 Folic necessary for the synthesis of methionine to take place. One can say that maintaining low levels of homocysteine is a matter of life or death.

Methionine is essential for the synthesis of the hill, therefore, vitamin B12 plays a minor role in this pathway of lipids. A choline deficiency that causes the liver fat can be avoided cobalamin or other methyl donors (betaine, methionine, folic acid).

It was observed that the synthesis of fatty acids affected when the vitamin B deficient. The lack of sufficient results of essential fatty acids in the deterioration of brain and nerve tissue. The myelin sheath (the insulation around nerve cells) is incorrect in cobalamin deficiency and contributes to defective nerve transmission. A prolonged deficiency of vitamin B12 in the final instance, lead to neurological disorders.

DNA replication depends on the function of coenzyme methyl cobalamin as a carrier. This is the role that explains why the B-12 deficiency leads to megaloblastic anemia. This disorder is characterized by large immature blood cells and changes in the bone marrow. The inadequate translation of DNA results that lead to inappropriate cell replication in large blood cells observed in this disorder. These large strains the red blood cells are unable to carry oxygen. This results in anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia and fewer, but larger and less mature blood cells. The poor cell division in the gastrointestinal tract and epithelial tissues and produces megaloblastosis glossitis. In addition, the overall growth and repair are equally affected.

The characteristic symptom of a severe deficiency of vitamin B anemia is pernicious or megaloblastic. This condition is most often caused by insufficient consumption of B-12 or by the secretion of gastric mucoprotein called intrinsic factor. This intrinsic factor is necessary for adequate absorption of vitamin B12 through the intestinal tract. It is produced by gastric parietal cells and binds to vitamin for transport in the small intestine. In the presence of calcium, this transport mechanism attaches to the intestinal wall, which facilitates the absorption of the vitamin.

This disease can also lead to several other conditions, including:

Gastrectomy (surgical removal of stomach)
Surgical removal of the bottom of the ileum (the vitamins were B are absorbed)
The development of antibodies against intrinsic factor
Malabsorption hereditary
The strict vegetarianism (no products of dietary animal)
Homocystinuria (characterized by large amounts of homocysteine in the urine)

Now we know that a deficiency of vitamin B complex (B6, folic acid and B-12) is the trigger for heart disease. This occurs when the levels of uncontrolled increase in homocysteine blood levels sufficient These three B vitamins There is good news in this message. Now we know how to prevent heart disease and have a longer and healthier life.

Too much homocysteine in the blood damages the arteries and blood vessels that causes the formation of arterial plaques. This leads to atherosclerosis and heart disease.

Other symptoms of deficiency include glossitis, degeneration of the spinal cord, loss of appetite, gastrointestinal disorders, fatigue, pallor, dizziness, hypotension, disorientation, numbness, tingling, ataxia, mood changes, confusion, agitation, diminished vision, delusions, hallucinations and eventually insanity Megaloblastic (psychosis).

A long-term marginal B-12 deficiency has been associated with increased risk of Alzheimer's disease. It is found that more 70% of older people have a deficiency of vitamin B-12 also have Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimer's patients also have lower levels in the blood of vitamin B that patients suffering from brain or other memory disorders. B-12 is correlated with the state of severity of cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's patients. Currently unknown whether the deficiency is the cause or the result of the disease. However, cobalamin functions in numerous metabolic processes that affect nerve tissue. These processes include the synthesis of neurotransmitters and phospholipids that can explain B-12's possible link with the development and progression of Alzheimer's disease.

Symptoms of Vitamin B-12 deficiency are more common in people over 40 years with an increase as increasing age and is often a consequence of reduced secretion of intrinsic factor. This condition is corrected with injections of B-12. Patients with dementia often have a deficiency of vitamin B and supplementation improves mental functioning in some of these cases.

Vitamin B-12 can inhibit the absorption of many gastrointestinal disorders, including enteropathy induced by gluten, tropical sprue, regional ileitis, malignancy and granulomatous lesions in the small intestine had the bacteria associated with the syndrome blind loop, and other disorders that affect bowel function properly. The need for vitamin B12 intake is increased by hyperthyroidism, parasitic and pregnancy.

The only source of vitamin B-12 in nature is the microbial synthesis. Cobalamin is not found in plants but is produced by bacteria in the digestive tract of animals or by microbial fermentation of food.

Sources containing more 10mcg/100 grams are the viscera (liver, kidney, heart), clams and oysters. Good sources (3 to 10mcg/100 grams) are the non-fat dry milk, crab, salmon, sardines, egg yolk. Moderate amounts (1 to 3 grams mcg/100) are meat, lobster, scallops, sole, swordfish, tuna and fermented cheese. Other sources are fermented soy products, poultry and liquid dairy products.

Since cobalamin is affected by temperatures above 100 degrees Celsius, some or all of this B vitamin is lost when the meat is cooked.

The requirement daily minimum for vitamin B12 deficiency can be overcome by ten thousand times without signs of toxicity. The excesses are excreted in urine.

Many of the available evidence to assess cobalamin deficiency have limitations and may produce false results. For example, evidence of MCV (macrocytosis test) is not a sensitive test. Several conditions, such as folate deficiency, vitamin C, and antibiotics can lead to high or low levels of B-12 shown in the test. The Schilling test can give both false abnormal and normal false readings. Vitamin B-12 requires the detection of deficiency of multiple testing methods and the patient's symptoms are used in combination to diagnose.

References:

Garrison Jr., R.Ph., Robert & Somer, MA, RD, Elizabeth, The Nutrition Desk Reference, 3rd ed., New Canaan: Keats Publishing, 1999,
pp 124-128, 431, 434
McCully, MD, S. & Kilmer McCully, Martha, The Heart Revolution, New York: Harper Perennial, 1999, pp 1-10

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